The protected area of the Nimba Mountains located in the Republic of Guinea is a good illustration of the evolution of relationships between humans and wildlife. This reserve, surrounded by villages home to numerous hunters, was first fully protected (1944), then it was established a biosphere reserve (1980) by Unesco, which thus recognized the importance of interactions between humans and the environment in which they live. However, recent work (Pascual, 1993a; Dufour, 2000; Dufour, 2000; Chaffard, 2002) suggests that the sustainability of the wildlife resource would no longer be ensured there, although no quantitative wildlife inventory has ever been carried out there. However, managing means first of all knowing the general conservation status of species, the local situation of animal populations, the trends of changes and the reasons behind these situations. It is then a question of planning actions aimed at meeting the objectives previously set by the management stakeholders. As we are not ourselves involved in the management of this wildlife, it is not up to us to dictate the objectives.